Karate Framework Example: What is it and How to Use It
Karate is an open-source, API testing framework that combines the features of Cucumber, REST-assured, and Selenium. The framework is designed to make testing web services and APIs easier, faster, and more fun. It is written in Java and works with various programming languages and protocols, such as JSON, XML, and SOAP. In this blog post, we will go through a basic example of how to use Karate Framework for API testing.
Step 1: Installation
Before we dive into the code, let’s start by installing Karate Framework. The easiest way is to download it from the official website https://intuit.github.io/karate/download.html. You can also install it through Maven or Gradle.
Step 2: Creating the First Test
Once Karate is installed, let’s create a new test. We’ll start by creating a new feature file with the ‚.feature‘ extension. In this example, we will test a simple API that retrieves a user by ID. Here’s what our feature file should look like:
„`
Feature: GetUserById
Scenario: Retrieve user by ID
Given url ‚https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users/1‘
When method GET
Then status 200
And match response.name == ‚Leanne Graham‘
„`
The feature file begins with a description of what we are testing. In this case, we are retrieving a user by ID. The following lines are the steps of the test, listed under the ‚Scenario‘ keyword. In our example, we are using the ‚Given‘, ‚When‘, and ‚Then‘ keywords to specify the API endpoint, method, and expected result of the test.
The ‚Given‘ step sets the URL of the endpoint we want to test. In this case, we are using a public API that retrieves user details from the JSONPlaceholder service.
The ‚When‘ step specifies the HTTP method to be used for the request. We are using the GET method to retrieve the user details.
The ‚Then‘ steps define the expected outcome of the test. In this example, we are expecting a HTTP status code of 200 and that the user’s name returned matches the expected name, which is ‚Leanne Graham‘.
Step 3: Running the Test
Now that we have created our test, let’s run it using the Karate command line interface. To do this, navigate to the folder where your feature file is stored and enter the following command in your terminal:
„`
java -jar karate.jar your-feature-file.feature
„`
This command will run the test and produce a report in the console. If the test is successful, you will see a message saying ‚Scenario passed‘. If it fails, you will see the reason why it failed.
Step 4: Advance Example
In the previous step, we created a basic Karate test for API testing. However, Karate Framework has many powerful features that can be used for more advanced testing. Let’s create another example to illustrate this.
Suppose we want to test an API for creating a new user record in a database. We want to ensure that the new user record is added correctly and that all fields are populated correctly. Here’s what our feature file might look like:
„`
Feature: CreateNewUser
Background:
* configure headers = {‚Content-Type‘: ‚application/json‘}
* def user = {name: ‚John Doe‘, email: ‚johndoe@example.com‘, age: 30}
Scenario: Create a new user
Given url ‚https://myapi.com/users‘
And request user
When method POST
Then status 201
And match response contains {name: ‚#(user.name)‘, email: ‚#(user.email)‘, age: ‚#(user.age)‘}
„`
In this example, we are using an API that adds a new user to a database. We begin by setting the headers and creating a JSON object that represents the new user’s details in the ‚Background‘ section of the feature file.
The ‚Scenario‘ section defines the test steps. We start with the ‚Given‘ step, which specifies the URL of the endpoint we want to test. We then use the ‚request‘ keyword to send the JSON object to the endpoint using the POST method.
The ‚When‘ step specifies the HTTP method to be used for the request. We are using the POST method to create a new user.
The ‚Then‘ steps define the expected outcome of the test. In this example, we are expecting a HTTP status code of 201, which indicates that the new user has been successfully added. We also use the ‚match‘ keyword to ensure that the response contains the same user details we set up in the ‚Background‘ section.
Frequently Asked Questions about Karate Framework Example
Karate is an open-source framework that is mostly used for testing web services and API. Companies that deal with web services and API use Karate to test their platform. It is an easy-to-use and convenient framework that provides simple syntax, which can be easily understood by QA automation or development teams. Here are some of the most frequently asked questions about Karate framework example.
1. What is Karate Framework?
Karate Framework is an open-source framework for web services/API functional automation testing that uses the API testing tool, Cucumber, as its script engine. It is based on the “BDD” (Behavior Driven Development) approach, which facilitates the creation of test cases using simple English syntax. It is an effective tool for testing REST, SOAP, or GraphQL web services, which can be easily integrated with DevOps CI/CD pipelines utilizing tools like Jenkins.
2. How do I write a Karate test script?
To write a Karate test script, it’s important to know the basic syntax of Karate. First, a feature file is created (.feature extension), which contains test scenario(s) or a collection of test cases. Secondly, you can create a step-definition file (.js extension) in which all your test cases will be defined using the Karate syntax. This file also contains the connection details to the API being tested. Once you have created your feature file, and step-definition file, you can execute the test cases via command line or integrate them with continuous integration tools like Jenkins.
3. How does Karate help to test COVID-19 APIs?
Karate is considered an effective tool for testing COVID-19 APIs as it provides easy integration with databases, messaging queues, and UI automation. It also allows for parameterization of the test data, enabling testers to produce a large number of data sets to test a particular API. In addition, it has features that enable testers to execute assertions on the response of the API call. The framework is also capable of creating a detailed report of the executed test cases, including their status and failure points.
4. What are the advantages of using Karate Framework?
– Karate provides an easy-to-understand syntax that can be easily interpreted by non-programmers. This makes it easy for developers and QA automation testers to collaborate while creating test cases.
– Karate is an open-source framework that provides various features like Out-of-box support for JSON and XML, support for OAuth and GraphQL, IP spoofing.
– It can be easily integrated with tools like Jenkins, Maven, and Gradle for continuous integration and delivery.
– Karate also has its own assertion library, allowing you to write assertions in a simpler and more declarative way than other testing libraries.
– The report generation feature is another advantage of using Karate.
5. Which companies use Karate Framework for API testing?
Karate has been widely adopted by companies of different sizes and domains in the software industry for web services and API testing. Some of these companies include:
– GE Digital
– N26
– Deutsche Bank
– Intuit
– PathAI
– Tech Mahindra
Karate Framework Example: A Step-by-Step Guide
Karate framework is a powerful testing tool for API and web services. It is built on top of the popular Cucumber-JVM framework and provides an easy-to-use DSL for creating test scenarios. In this guide, we will walk through how to create a simple test scenario using the Karate framework.
Step 1: Installation
The first step in using Karate is to install the framework. You can do this by downloading the latest version from the official website or by adding it as a dependency in your project. To add Karate as a dependency in your project, you can use the following code snippet in your `pom.xml` file:
„`xml
„`
Step 2: Creating a Test Scenario
Once you have installed Karate, you can create a new test scenario. A test scenario in Karate is defined using a `feature` file, which contains a collection of `scenario`s. A `scenario` is a collection of `step`s, which are the actual test steps.
To create a new test scenario, create a new `*.feature` file in your project’s `src/test/resources` folder. Here’s an example `*.feature` file:
„`
Feature: Simple Test
Scenario: Get Request
Given url ‚https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1‘
When method GET
Then status 200
„`
In this example, we are creating a test scenario with a single `scenario` named `Get Request`. This scenario has three `step`s:
– `Given url ‚https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1’`: this step sets the URL for the API request.
– `When method GET`: this step sends a GET request to the URL.
– `Then status 200`: this step asserts that the response status is 200.
Step 3: Running the Test Scenario
To run the test scenario, you need to create a new JUnit test class and write a test method that calls Karate’s JUnit runner. Here’s an example test class:
„`java
import com.intuit.karate.junit4.Karate;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@RunWith(Karate.class)
public class KarateTest {
}
„`
This test class is using Karate’s JUnit runner. It uses the `@RunWith` annotation to specify the runner class and the `Karate.class` parameter to tell the runner to look for `*.feature` files in the `src/test/resources` folder.
To run the test scenario, simply run the test class as a JUnit test. You should see the Karate test report in your IDE console, which should display the results of the test scenario.
Step 4: Adding Test Data
In the previous example, we created a simple test scenario that sent a GET request to an API endpoint. However, most real-world test scenarios require some data to be sent with the request. Karate provides an easy way to add test data to your scenarios using the `Examples` table.
Here’s an updated version of the `*.feature` file that uses an example table to send some data with the request:
„`
Feature: Simple Test
Scenario: Post Request
Given url ‚https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts‘
And request {title: ‚#(title)‘, body: ‚#(body)‘, userId: #(userId)}
When method POST
Then status 201
Examples:
| title | body | userId |
| ‚foo‘ | ‚bar‘ | 1 |
| ‚lorem‘ | ‚ipsum dolor sit amet‘ | 2 |
„`
In this example, we are creating a test scenario that sends a POST request to an API endpoint. The `Given` step sets the URL for the request, and the `And` step sets the request body using an expression that uses the values from the example table.
The example table is defined using the `Examples:` keyword. In this table, we have two sets of data, each with a different value for `title`, `body`, and `userId`.
Step 5: Asserting Response Data
In addition to asserting the response status, you may also need to verify some data in the response. Karate provides an easy way to assert response data using the `match` keyword.
Here’s an updated version of the `*.feature` file that asserts the response data:
„`
Feature: Simple Test
Scenario: Get Request
Given url ‚https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1‘
When method GET
Then status 200
And match response == {userId:1,id:1,title:’sunt aut facere repellat provident occaecati excepturi optio reprehenderit‘,body:’quia et suscipit\nsuscipit…‘}
„`
In this example, we are creating a test scenario that sends a GET request and asserts the response data. The `match` keyword is used to assert that the response body has expected field and values.
Conclusion
In this guide, we have learned how to create a simple test scenario using the Karate framework. We have covered the basics of creating test scenarios, running tests, and adding test data and assertions. With Karate, you can quickly and efficiently create powerful test scenarios that can help you ensure the quality of your API and web services.
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