Karate Script Example: A Step-by-Step Guide

Are you familiar with the concept of Karate Script? It’s a testing framework used for web automation testing. It allows testers to write tests in a more readable and efficient way, using a Domain-Specific Language (DSL) that resembles English. In this article, we’ll walk you through a Karate script example so that you can understand how it’s used in practice.

What is Karate?

Karate is a testing framework based on the Cucumber framework for testing web application programming interfaces (APIs). It uses a BDD syntax and supports both JSON and XML payloads. A Karate script has access to all the HTTP methods, cookies, headers and everything else that a typical HTTP client would have access to. This makes Karate an effective testing tool for applications that use REST or SOAP web services.

A Sample Karate Script

Below is an example Karate script that tests a RESTful web service. This particular script tests the „GET“ request method.

Feature: Test the RESTful web service
Scenario: GET operation to obtain all users
Given url 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users'
When method get
Then status 200
And match response == 
    [{
        "id": 1,
        "name": "Leanne Graham",
        "username": "Bret",
        "email": "Sincere@april.biz",
        "address": {
            "street": "Kulas Light",
            "suite": "Apt. 556",
            "city": "Gwenborough",
            "zipcode": "92998-3874",
            "geo": {
                "lat": "-37.3159",
                "lng": "81.1496"
            }
        },
        "phone": "1-770-736-8031 x56442",
        "website": "hildegard.org",
        "company": {
            "name": "Romaguera-Crona",
            "catchPhrase": "Multi-layered client-server neural-net",
            "bs": "harness real-time e-markets"
        }
     }, 
     {
        "id": 2,
        "name": "Ervin Howell",
        "username": "Antonette",
        "email": "Shanna@melissa.tv",
        "address": {
            "street": "Victor Plains",
            "suite": "Suite 879",
            "city": "Wisokyburgh",
            "zipcode": "90566-7771",
            "geo": {
                "lat": "-43.9509",
                "lng": "-34.4618"
            }
        },
        "phone": "010-692-6593 x09125",
        "website": "anastasia.net",
        "company": {
            "name": "Deckow-Crist",
            "catchPhrase": "Proactive didactic contingency",
            "bs": "synergize scalable supply-chains"
        }
     }]

As you can see, the example looks like an ordinary English sentence. The given statement runs first and specifies the URL of the RESTful web service. The next step, when, initiates the GET request method. Finally, the then statement verifies that the response status is 200 and the expected JSON response body matches the actual one.

Explaining the Steps

Let’s break down the scenario step-by-step to understand what is happening:

1. Start with Feature: – This provides a brief description of the feature being tested.
2. Scenario: – This gives a brief description of the scenario being tested. This can be multiple scenarios within a single feature. In our case, we have only one scenario.
3. Given – This sets up the preconditions before the test case can be executed. In our scenario, it sets the URL of the RESTful web service.
4. When – This provides an action that needs to be performed to execute the test case. In our scenario, we perform a GET request.
5. Then – This verifies the actual result with what the expected result should be. In our scenario, it verifies the response status code and the response body.

Writing Your Own Karate Script

Now that you’ve seen an example Karate script, you can start writing your own. Remember the following best practices:

1. Use a clear and concise syntax that resembles English.
2. Use Background: to define steps or setup that needs to be done before each scenario begins.
3. Use Scenario Outline: to create a template for repetitive testing steps or for testing of data combinations.
4. Use And/Further/But/Examples: to provide additional information within a scenario.
5. Use @Tag, to group multiple scenarios or features.

As you write more and more Karate scripts, you’ll become more familiar with it and its syntax will become second nature to you.

Intro

Karate is an open-source software testing tool that is based on the Cucumber testing framework. It is written in Java and enables developers to write automated tests for APIs, web applications and microservices. With the help of Karate, developers can write tests in a simpler and more streamlined way as compared to other testing frameworks. In this article, we will be discussing some of the most frequently asked questions about the karate script example.

What is a karate script example?

A karate script example is a testing script that is written using the Karate testing framework. It enables developers to write automated tests for their web applications and APIs in a simple and easy-to-read language. Karate scripts are written in .feature files, which are similar to Cucumber feature files. These scripts can be further used to generate HTML and JSON reports.

How to write a basic karate script?

To write a basic karate script, you can follow the below steps:

1. Create a new .feature file and give it a name.
2. Write a feature definition within the .feature file.
3. Write a scenario definition and steps within the scenario.
4. Run the script.

The following is an example of a simple karate script:

„`
Feature: Test Some Service
Scenario: Test GET request
Given url ‚http://some-service.com/api‘
When method GET
Then status 200
„`
This script will test a GET request to the URL http://some-service.com/api and assert that the response status code is 200.

What are the advantages of using Karate?

Karate testing framework provides the following advantages:

1. No need to write boilerplate code for setting up HTTP requests.
2. Integration with third-party libraries and tools.
3. Easy-to-read and write syntax.
4. Support for multiple data exchange formats like JSON and XML.
5. Integrated test reporting with HTML and JSON reports.
6. Ability to run tests in parallel.
7. Support for mocking and stubbing.

What is data-driven testing in Karate?

Data-driven testing is a testing method where the same test script is executed multiple times with different sets of test data. This approach can help to test various scenarios with different input values, leading to increased test coverage. Karate provides native support for data-driven testing. In Karate, data can be passed to tests in JSON or CSV format.

How to run karate tests in parallel?

To run karate tests in parallel, you can use the following command:

„`sh
mvn test -Dtest=TestRunner -Dkarate.env=dev -Dkarate.options=“–threads 5″
„`

Here, the `–threads` option specifies the number of threads to use for running the tests. Multiple threads can help in reducing the overall test execution time.

How to integrate Karate with Jenkins?

To integrate Karate with Jenkins, you can follow these steps:

1. Install the Jenkins Karate plugin.
2. Create a new Jenkins project and configure it to run Karate tests.
3. Add the test scripts to the Jenkins project.
4. Configure the Jenkins project to run the test scripts using the Karate Runner.
5. Run the Jenkins project to execute the tests.

The Jenkins Karate plugin provides support for generating HTML and JSON reports, which can be viewed from within the Jenkins interface.

Getting Started with Karate Script: An Example Guide

Karate is a powerful open-source framework that is mainly used for API testing, automation, and integration testing. Karate script makes it easier to test REST, SOAP, and GraphQL-based web services using a simple and expressive syntax. In this guide, we’re going to cover how to use Karate Script by providing practical examples as well as step-by-step instructions.

What is Karate Script?

Karate is a Java-based framework that simplifies API testing by providing a single, unified DSL for HTTP, GraphQL, and SOAP APIs. It was developed by Peter Thomas, and it is designed to be easy to use, scalable, and maintainable. Karate script simplifies REST API testing, SOAP API testing, and GraphQL API testing by providing a simple syntax for testing APIs. It also has built-in support for dynamic data-driven testing, assertions, and reporting, among other features.

Step 1: Install Java and Maven

To use Karate script, you need to have Java and Maven installed on your system. Follow these simple steps to install Java and Maven:

1. Download the latest version of Java from the official website and install it on your computer.
2. Download the latest version of Maven from the official website and extract it to a folder on your hard disk.
3. Add the Java and Maven bin directories to your system PATH environment variables.

Step 2: Create a New Karate Project

Now that you have Java and Maven installed on your system, you can create a new Karate project by following these steps:

1. Open a terminal or command prompt window.
2. Navigate to the directory where you want to create the project.
3. Run the following command to create a new Karate project:

„`
mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeGroupId=com.intuit.karate -DarchetypeArtifactId=karate-archetype -DarchetypeVersion=1.0.1 -DgroupId=com.example -DartifactId=myproject
„`

This command creates a new Maven project with all the necessary dependencies and folder structure.

Step 3: Write a Karate Test Script

Once you have created a new Karate project, you can write a simple test script to get started. Here is an example test script for a REST API:

„`
Feature: Sample API Test

Scenario: Get Request
Given url ‚https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1‘
When method GET
Then status 200
And match $.userId == 1
„`

This script uses the given/when/then syntax to define a test scenario. It sends a GET request to https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1 and verifies that the response status code is 200 and the userId in the response JSON is 1.

Step 4: Run the Karate Test

With your test script written, it’s time to run your Karate test. Follow these steps to run your test:

1. Open a terminal or command prompt window.
2. Navigate to the root directory of your project.
3. Run the following command to run the test:

„`
mvn clean test
„`

This command will compile your test code and run all tests in the project.

Step 5: View the Test Results

After running your Karate test, you can view the results by opening the target/surefire-reports/index.html file in your web browser. This file contains the test results, including any errors or failures.

Conclusion

Karate script is a powerful and easy-to-use framework for testing APIs. With its simple syntax and built-in capabilities, you can quickly create robust test scripts for REST, SOAP, and GraphQL API testing. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can get started with Karate Script and begin testing your APIs today.